NOTES:
8
StandardFirstAid/Rev2/06062017 - COPYRIGHTS © SINGAPORE FIRST AID TRAINING CENTRE PTE LTD
BLEEDING
Bleeding or
HAEMORRHAGE
must be treated immediately as excessive bleeding
can lead to
shock
and
death
.
Bleeding occurs when there are damages to the blood vessels.
The severity of
bleeding depends on:
1. COLOUR
Bright red blood
indicates arterial bleed (from arteries which carries blood
out from the heart)
Dull dark red blood
indicates venous bleed (from veins which carry blood
back to heart)
2. FLOW RATE
Blood that
spurts
out from a wound indicates arterial bleed (from arteries)
Blood that
flows
out indicates venous bleed (from veins)
Blood that
oozes
out indicates capillary bleed (from capillaries)
TREATMENT
For minor wounds, wash the wound well with water and soap.
For major wounds, quickly proceed to stop the bleeding.
Cover the wound with gauze, a pad or your gloved hand.
If bleeding soaks through the gauze, add more dressings and press harder.
Alternatively, you can apply a pressure dressing using a crepe bandage.
If bleeding is severe or does not improve, call for ambulance.
Prepare to treat for shock.
WOUNDS
Different types of wounds include:
Illustration
Description
Illustration
Description
Abrasion:
Rubbing injury eg. fall
on road surface
Contusion:
Bruising or
“blue-black e.g.
knock against
hard objects
Incision:
Cleanly “sliced” eg:
with a knife or glass
Laceration:
Irregular, ripping
injury e.g. hit on
the edge of a
table
Puncture:
Penetrating injury
e.g. nail piercing
through a finger
Amputation:
Severed limb or
body part e.g. cut
by a bench saw
EMBEDDED OBJECTS
An embedded or impaled object may:
1. cause serious injury to the tissues beneath; and
2.
lead to major bleeding, shock and death
TREATMENT
Call for an ambulance immediately.
Apply gauze and add pressure to the sides
of the wound.
For large objects, place padding beside object
and bandage above and below the object.
Do NOT press on the object.
Prepare to treat for shock.
Do NOT remove the object.