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StandardFirstAid/Rev2/06062017 - COPYRIGHTS © SINGAPORE FIRST AID TRAINING CENTRE PTE LTD
NOTES:
•
Apply broad bandages over these areas: knee, above and below
the fracture.
•
For upper leg fracture, tie another broad bandage over the hips.
FRACTURE RIB CAGE
•
Place padding over injured ribs.
•
Secure padding with broad bandages.
SPRAINS AND STRAINS
A victim suffering from
1.
SPRAINS
has injured the ligaments
2.
STRAINS
has injured the muscles and tendons
TREATMENT
•
R
–
REST
injured area completely
•
I
–
ICE
packs applied can reduce swelling and pain
•
C
–
COMPRESSION
with a bandage can reduce swelling
•
E
–
ELEVATE
the injured area to improve blood return
SWELLING
Swelling or
HAEMATOMA
1.
is caused by blunt trauma to the skin tissues
2.
may be painful, appear swollen and “blue-black”
TREATMENT
•
Sit victim and support injured limb.
•
Apply a cold compress for no longer than 20 minutes.
•
After 24 hours, you may apply heat treatment.
•
If condition does not improve, bring the victim to a hospital.
Do NOT rub the injury.
MUSCLE CRAMPS
A
MUSCLE CRAMP
occurs as a result of
1.
tightening or spasm of your muscles; and
2.
commonly occurs in the legs or abdomen.
TREATMENT
•
Gently
stretch
the affected muscle in the opposite direction.
•
Hold the stretch until the cramp is relieved.
SPINAL INJURY
A
SPINAL INJURY
1.
is caused by fall from height, accidents or direct blow to the back
2.
presents with severe pain, paralysis, shock and death.
TREATMENT
•
Call for ambulance immediately.
•
Do a head-grip or place supports on the sides of the victim’s head
to prevent movement
•
If the victim is lying faced-down, get 2 or more persons to gently