23
StandardFirstAid/Rev2/06062017 - COPYRIGHTS © SINGAPORE FIRST AID TRAINING CENTRE PTE LTD
NOTES:
ASTHMA
A victim who suffers an
ASTHMA
attack:
•
experiences a narrowing of the airways; and
•
feels breathless, chest tightness and wheezing during breathing.
TREATMENT
•
Get victim in a sitting position up.
•
Encourage victim to breathe deeply.
•
If the victim has an inhaler, ask him to use it. Assist if needed.
•
Monitor the victim after using the inhaler.
•
If there is no relief after a few minutes, call for ambulance.
ALLERGIC REACTION
An
ALLERGIC REACTION:
•
occurs after consuming certain foods or medication, insect stings or
contact with particular substances in the environment;
•
can present with rashes, swelling of face and lips, puffiness of eyes;
and
•
can lead to severe breathlessness, shock and death.
TREATMENT
•
Seek medical attention immediately.
•
Advice the victim to sit up and deeply if breathless.
•
If reaction becomes severe, call for an ambulance.
UNCONSCIOUS VICTIM
CAUSES OF UNCONSCIOUSNESS
•
A
lcohol
– Alcohol intoxication
•
E
pilepsy
– Fits
•
I
nsulin
– Low blood sugar
•
O
verdose
– Excessive drug intake
•
U
remia
– Kidney failure
•
T
rauma
– Head injury, spinal injury, loss of blood
•
I
nfection
– Severe infections
•
P
sychiatric
– Mental disorders
•
S
troke
– Clotting or bleeding in the brain
TREATMENT
•
Call for ambulance immediately.
•
If victim is breathing and no spinal injury is suspected, turn to recovery
position to keep the airway clear.
•
Treat the source of unconsciousness, if possible.
•
If the victim has stopped breathing, start CPR.
HEAT-RELATED EMERGENCIES
•
Prolonged exposure to hot conditions may lead to:
1.
SUNBURNS AND RASH
– to the skin causing discomfort
2.
HEAT CRAMPS
– cramps in the legs or abdomen
3.
HEAT EXHAUSTION
– nausea, giddiness, cool skin, fainting
4.
HEAT STROKE
– very hot dry skin, confusion, unconsciousness
TREATMENT
•
Remove the victim from source of heat and loosen clothing.
•
Sponge and fan victim and provide water or isotonic drinks.