13
StandardFirstAid/Rev2/06062017 - COPYRIGHTS © SINGAPORE FIRST AID TRAINING CENTRE PTE LTD
NOTES:
Apply broad bandages over these areas: knee, above and below
the fracture.
For upper leg fracture, tie another broad bandage over the hips.
FRACTURE RIB CAGE
Place padding over injured ribs.
Secure padding with broad bandages.
SPRAINS AND STRAINS
A victim suffering from
1.
SPRAINS
has injured the ligaments
2.
STRAINS
has injured the muscles and tendons
TREATMENT
R
REST
injured area completely
I
ICE
packs applied can reduce swelling and pain
C
COMPRESSION
with a bandage can reduce swelling
E
ELEVATE
the injured area to improve blood return
SWELLING
Swelling or
HAEMATOMA
1.
is caused by blunt trauma to the skin tissues
2.
may be painful, appear swollen and “blue-black”
TREATMENT
Sit victim and support injured limb.
Apply a cold compress for no longer than 20 minutes.
After 24 hours, you may apply heat treatment.
If condition does not improve, bring the victim to a hospital.
Do NOT rub the injury.
MUSCLE CRAMPS
A
MUSCLE CRAMP
occurs as a result of
1.
tightening or spasm of your muscles; and
2.
commonly occurs in the legs or abdomen.
TREATMENT
Gently
stretch
the affected muscle in the opposite direction.
Hold the stretch until the cramp is relieved.
SPINAL INJURY
A
SPINAL INJURY
1.
is caused by fall from height, accidents or direct blow to the back
2.
presents with severe pain, paralysis, shock and death.
TREATMENT
Call for ambulance immediately.
Do a head-grip or place supports on the sides of the victim’s head
to prevent movement
If the victim is lying faced-down, get 2 or more persons to gently